If the blood types are not compatible, red blood cells will clump together, making clots that can block blood vessels and cause death. Other blood group systems are mns, lutheran, kell, lewis, duffy, kidd etc. Mar 11, 2016 blood types are very important when a blood transfusion is necessary. The a blood type has only the a antigen and the b blood type has only the b antigen.
The process of identifying a persons blood group by serologic testing of a blood sample. As blood starts oozing out, make 1 drop fall on the three depressions of the glass slide. Janani mathialagan, 2nd year postgraduate, pathology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Simultaneous forward and reverse abo blood group typing using. Landsteiners law if an antigen is present on a patients red blood cells, the corresponding antibody will not be present in the patients plasma. The standard recognized form of classifying blood groups is the abo blood grouping, given by karl landsteiner. Blood grouping test is very important for every individual to help know his blood group and rh type, some of the combinations of blood group types that are compatible, the blood type of a person can be determined in a few minutes with this test.
Group a has only the a antigen on red cells and b antibody in the plasma group b has only the b antigen on red cells and a antibody in the plasma powerpoint ppt presentation free. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them. Abo blood grouping a persons abo blood group a, b, ab, or ois based on the presence or absence of the a and b antigens on his red blood cells. The most wellknown classification, the abo blood group system, was developed by austrianborn american biologist karl landsteiner in 1901. The pattern of blood groups on a pad is a barcodelike chart that is visually analysed. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. Persons may thus have type a, type b, type o, or type ab blood. The most common cause of abo typing discrepancies was due to cold autoantibodies among the patients 507% and blood donors 57% causing discrepant results in reverse typing.
There are more than 300 blood group systems but abo and rhrhesus are of importance from clinical point of view. In humans, there are different types of blood groups. Abo blood types are also present in some other animals for example rodents and apes such as chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas. Nov 24, 2017 blood grouping test is very important for every individual to help know his blood group and rhtype, some of the combinations of blood group types that are compatible, the blood type of a person can be determined in a few minutes with this test. Dec 21, 2017 reverse blood grouping serum grouping. On the other hand, the rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood group antigens. What blood type is the universal donor and universal recipient. Apr 20, 2016 the abo blood group system is the most important blood type system or blood group system in human blood transfusion. Autocontrol test is particularly essential when abo grouping is being done only by forward method and blood group is typed as ab. An individuals blood type depends on which genes were passed on by their mother or father. This article provides information about the abo and rh system and possible complications. The importance of blood grouping in medicolegal issues is fully established.
Blood transfusions a blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous iv line in one of the blood vessels. There are eight different blood types, and the type you have is. If there are auto antibodies in recipients serum, abo grouping, rh typing, antibody screening, and cross matching all will show positive result. Also, your plasma contains antibodies which will attack certain antigens if they are present. The rh blood group system was first described 60 years ago. Karl landsteiners work helps to determine blood groups and thus opened a way for blood transfusions which can be carried out safely. In this study, the pad can be detected through both forward and reverse blood grouping. Blood group, classification of blood based on inherited differences in antigens on the surfaces of the red blood cells. The blood group systems inheritance and genetics 2. There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens a and b on the surface of red blood cells. There are lots of other types but these are the most important.
Slide test is quick and needs only simple equipment. The type of sugar added determines the blood group. For those who want to know how many types of blood groups in human body. Dec 06, 2019 for those who want to know how many types of blood groups in human body. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type or group classification systems currently recognized. The mean age for patients and blood donors was 484 and 292 years, respectively. Blood composition powerpoint free download as powerpoint presentation. Abo blood grouping a persons abo blood groupa, b, ab, or ois based on the presence or absence of the a and b antigens on his red blood cells. Jul 19, 2017 autocontrol test is particularly essential when abo grouping is being done only by forward method and blood group is typed as ab. History of blood groups and blood transfusions experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years. Blood grouping definition of blood grouping by medical. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Major errors in abo grouping, labeling, and identification of donors and recipients. The abo and rh blood systems are discussed in detail below. Ppt abo blood group system powerpoint presentation. Types of blood groups and their characteristics styles at life.
Retrospective analysis of forward and reverse abo typing. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Guidance manual abo and rh blood grouping document id no. Using the thumb, put pressure on the area to stop blood flow. Blood grouping is based on type of antigen present on the red blood cells. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Jul 17, 2018 red blood cells erythrocytes have certain proteins on their surface, called antigens. Free blood powerpoint template is a free medical powerpoint presentation background that you can download for health presentations and other presentation topics including diabetes treatment and diabetes devices. History karl landsteiner discovered the abo blood group system in 1901 he and his five coworkers began mixing each others red cells and serum together and inadvertently performed the first forward and reverse abo groupings. According to this, there are four main blood groups, which are a. Reverse blood grouping is a procedure to confirm abo blood group based on the presence or absence of antia and antib in serum using known a and b red cells. Colour of blood is red, it is obtained by a substance which is present in it is called hemoglobin. Blood composition powerpoint white blood cell granulocyte.
It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Blood types are very important when a blood transfusion is necessary. Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few important tests that the anaesthesiologist orders during perioperative period. What are the procedures and techniques of blood grouping and.
Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells as well. Ppt blood groups and blood typing powerpoint presentation. The usual technology employed for fetal blood group typing, in which the mother lacks the antigen to be tested, is realtime quantitative pcr rqpcr on cellfree dna isolated from the maternal plasma. In a blood transfusion, a patient must receive a blood type compatible with his or her own blood type. The inheritance of the blood groups is controlled by specific genes. Most recipient antibodies directed against antigens on the donor red blood cells. Red blood cells erythrocytes have certain proteins on their surface, called antigens. The abo blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the a and b antigens on erythrocytes. Individuals inherit a gene which codes for specific sugars to be added to the red cell. Free blood powerpoint template with red blood drops. Blood group typing an overview sciencedirect topics. What are the procedures and techniques of blood grouping. Blood grouping test is very important for every individual to help know his blood group and rhtype, some of the combinations of blood group types that are compatible, the blood type of a person can be determined in a few minutes with this test. The abo blood group system is the most important blood type system or blood group system in human blood transfusion.
In rh system, the most important antigens are d, c, c, e, and e. Place a cotton ball at the site where it was pricked. Mar 27, 2017 need for blood grouping blood transfusion hemolytic disease of newborn paternity disputes medicolegal use susceptibility to various diseases routine health checkup 4. A blood is decided based on the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Consistency is the hallmark of quality and can be achieved only through the use of standard operating procedures sops by all staff engaged in blood centres at all times. The clinical use of blood world health organization. Abo and rhesus are both types of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. Ppt abo blood group system powerpoint presentation free. Abo blood grouping introduction terry kotrla, ms, mtascpbb abo basics blood group antigens are actually sugars attached to the red blood cell.
While everyones blood is made up of the same basic parts, theres actually a lot of variety in the kinds of blood that exist. What is the protein found in plasma that attacks foreign blood cells. Mar 18, 2020 abo blood group system, the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells erythrocytes as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens a and b, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. It can be used in blood donation camps and in case of an emergency. Blood groups are strongly inherited and are unaffected by environmental factors such as nutrition and diet, age, occupation, and diseases except for the rare instances already described in the section blood group types. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the austrian karl landsteiner dis. Blood groups and blood typing how is blood type determined. Describe the testing that is done to determine blood types. Blood typing ppt free download as powerpoint presentation.
Individuals inherit a gene which codes for specific sugars to be added to the. A woman had a severe transfusion reaction when she was transfused with blood from her husband following delivery of a stillborn child with erythroblastosis fetalis. The basis of abo grouping is of two antigens antigen a and antigen b. The bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. Blood transfusion is a common and safe procedure wherein blood obtained from a donor or the patient himself is transfused intravenously. Blood types presentation by tiffeny geovena on prezi. Crossmatching will detect incompatibilities between the donor and recipient that will not be evident on blood typing. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
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